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COSTCO profits from Fees




Costco’s cavernous warehouses and legendary bargain bins hide an unusual business secret: the company makes surprisingly little money from the products rolling through its tills. Instead, the bulk of its earnings come from selling the right to shop there. Shoppers pay annual fees – US$65 for a basic membership or US$130 for an executive tier – and those dues power almost the entire enterprise. Costco’s chief executive has even remarked that the most important item the retailer sells isn’t a giant jar of mayonnaise but the membership card itself.

A Subscription Model in Disguise
While rival supermarkets mark up goods by 25 % to 50 %, Costco keeps its average merchandise markup at around 11 %, essentially passing most of the savings to customers. After wages and utilities are accounted for, the retailer retains only a fraction of its sales as profit. In its 2025 fiscal year the company generated roughly US$270 billion in net sales but just over US$5 billion in operating income before taxes. What makes the model work are those membership dues. More than 80 million paid memberships produced about US$5.3 billion in revenue in the year ending August 2025, a figure that was almost pure profit. Renewal rates remain extraordinarily high – above 92 % in the United States and nearly 90 % globally. In essence, the fee income covers Costco’s overhead, allowing it to sell goods at razor‑thin margins and still generate solid earnings.

Winning Loyalty Through Value
The club’s low prices and quality goods have cultivated a near‑cult following. Perks such as the US$1.50 hot dog and soda combo or the US$5 rotisserie chicken often cost the company money, yet they draw in shoppers who fill their carts with other items. Costco’s private‑label Kirkland Signature line also delivers savings of 15–20 % compared with national brands. Employees earn comparatively high wages and enjoy generous benefits, fostering a customer‑friendly culture. The result is a virtuous cycle: low prices attract members, high renewal rates give Costco scale, and scale enables even lower prices.

Adjusting the Membership Formula
As inflation and supply-chain challenges have pushed costs higher, Costco has nudged up its dues for the first time in years. Since September 2024 the basic fee has risen by about US$5 and the executive tier by US$10. Even so, members continue to renew at elevated rates. Management views the current dip in global renewal rates – down to around 89.8 % because of a surge in younger, digitally acquired members – as temporary. Fee income rose 14 % year on year in the fourth quarter of 2024 to US$1.72 billion, underscoring the resilience of the subscription model.

Costco has also tightened enforcement of its club rules. To prevent freeloading, store entrances now require members to scan their cards or smartphone QR codes. The company even stopped selling the famous food‑court hot dog combo to non‑members. In September 2025 a new, controversial policy granted executive members exclusive early shopping hours on weekdays and weekends. Although fewer than half of cardholders belong to this tier, they accounted for more than 74 % of net sales in the fourth quarter. The perk has added roughly 1 % to weekly U.S. sales and encouraged some members to upgrade.

Expansion and E‑Commerce
The warehouse chain isn’t standing still. Costco operated 914 warehouses worldwide at the end of August 2025 and plans to grow to around 944 by the end of fiscal 2026. Digital sales rose more than 13 % year on year, with online apparel and electronics leading the way. Though e‑commerce margins are slimmer and tariffs remain a concern, management believes its membership base and private‑label strategy provide a buffer against volatility. The Kirkland brand, which now generates more revenue than some famous apparel labels, continues to strengthen loyalty.

Risks and Outlook
Relying on recurring fees does carry risks. A prolonged economic slowdown could dampen renewals and spending, and younger customers acquired through promotions or online sign‑ups may prove less loyal. Expansion comes with costs that squeezed operating margins to around 2.9 % in mid‑2025. Nevertheless, the company’s net income climbed to US$8.1 billion in fiscal 2025. Executives argue that as long as Costco maintains its value proposition and treats employees well, members will keep paying for the privilege to shop. In the words of the company’s leader, culture is a business strategy, and the warehouse club will continue to prioritise the membership card over the shopping cart.



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Stargate project, Trump and the AI war...

In a dramatic return to the global political stage, former President Donald J. Trump, as the current 47th President of the United States of America, has unveiled his latest initiative, the so-called ‘Stargate Project,’ in a bid to cement the United States’ dominance in artificial intelligence and outpace China’s meteoric rise in the field. The newly announced programme, cloaked in patriotic rhetoric and ambitious targets, is already stirring intense debate over the future of technological competition between the world’s two largest economies.According to preliminary statements from Trump’s team, the Stargate Project will consolidate the efforts of leading American tech conglomerates, defence contractors, and research universities under a centralised framework. The former president, who has long championed American exceptionalism, claims this approach will provide the United States with a decisive advantage, enabling rapid breakthroughs in cutting-edge AI applications ranging from military strategy to commercial innovation.“America must remain the global leader in technology—no ifs, no buts,” Trump declared at a recent press conference. “China has been trying to surpass us in AI, but with this new project, we will make sure the future remains ours.”Details regarding funding and governance remain scarce, but early indications suggest the initiative will rely heavily on public-private partnerships, tax incentives for research and development, and collaboration with high-profile venture capital firms. Skeptics, however, warn that the endeavour could fan the flames of an increasingly militarised AI race, raising ethical concerns about surveillance, automation of warfare, and data privacy. Critics also question whether the initiative can deliver on its lofty promises, especially in the face of existing economic and geopolitical pressures.Yet for its supporters, the Stargate Project serves as a rallying cry for renewed American leadership and an antidote to worries over China’s technological ascendancy. Proponents argue that accelerating AI research is paramount if the United States wishes to preserve not just military supremacy, but also the economic and cultural influence that has typified its global role for decades.Whether this bold project will succeed—or if it will devolve into a symbolic gesture—remains to be seen. What is certain, however, is that the Stargate Project has already reignited debate about how best to safeguard America’s strategic future and maintain the balance of power in the fast-evolving arena of artificial intelligence.

Truth: The end of the ‘Roman Empire’

The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century AD has long captivated historians and the public alike. For centuries, scholars have debated the precise causes of the Empire’s decline, offering myriad explanations—ranging from political corruption and economic instability to moral degeneration and barbarian invasions. Yet despite the passage of time and the wealth of research available, there remains no single, universally accepted answer to the question: why did the Roman Empire truly collapse?A central factor often cited is political fragmentation. As the Empire grew too vast to govern effectively from one centre, Emperor Diocletian introduced the Tetrarchy—a system dividing the realm into eastern and western halves. While initially intended to provide administrative efficiency, this division ultimately paved the way for competing centres of power and weakened the unity that had long defined Roman rule. Frequent changes of leadership and civil wars further sapped the state’s coherence, undermining confidence in the imperial regime.Economics played an equally crucial role. Burdened by expensive military campaigns to protect ever-extending frontiers, the Empire resorted to debasing its currency, provoking rampant inflation and eroding public trust. The resulting fiscal strains fuelled social unrest, as high taxes weighed heavily upon small farmers and urban dwellers alike. Coupled with declining trade routes and resource depletion, these pressures contributed to a persistent sense of crisis.Compounding these challenges was the growing threat from beyond Rome’s borders. Germanic tribes such as the Visigoths, Vandals, and Ostrogoths gradually eroded the Western Empire’s defensive capabilities. While earlier Roman armies proved formidable, internal discord had dulled their edge, allowing external forces to breach once-impenetrable frontiers.Modern historians emphasise that the Empire did not fall solely because of barbarian invasions, moral decay, or fiscal collapse; instead, its downfall was the outcome of a confluence of factors, each interacting with the other. The story of Rome’s fall thus serves as a stark reminder that even the mightiest of civilisations can succumb to the inexorable weight of political, economic, and social upheaval.

Malaysia's Strategic Ascent

Malaysia has long been a significant player in Southeast Asia, but recent developments have positioned it as one of the most strategic economies in the entire Asian region. Through a combination of robust infrastructure, strategic geographic positioning, proactive government policies, and a diversified economic base, Malaysia is emerging as a pivotal hub for trade, investment, and innovation. Its ability to navigate global challenges while maintaining steady growth underscores its rising influence in Asia’s economic landscape.A Remarkable Economic TransformationSince gaining independence in 1957, Malaysia has undergone a profound economic transformation. Once reliant on agriculture and commodity exports such as rubber and tin, the country has successfully diversified into a manufacturing and service-based economy. Today, Malaysia is a leading exporter of electrical appliances, parts, and components, with its manufacturing sector serving as a cornerstone of economic growth. This shift has elevated Malaysia from a low-income to an upper-middle-income nation within a single generation, a feat that few countries have achieved so rapidly. The country’s gross national income (GNI) per capita has grown impressively over the decades, reflecting sustained economic momentum.Global Trade and ConnectivityA key factor in Malaysia’s rise is its extensive global trade connections. The country engages with 90 percent of the world’s nations, surpassing many of its regional counterparts in trade openness. This has driven employment creation and income growth, with approximately 40 percent of jobs linked to export activities. Malaysia’s strategic development policies, which focus on outward-oriented, labour-intensive growth and investments in human capital, have ensured macroeconomic stability. The government’s emphasis on credible economic governance has also played a crucial role in maintaining investor confidence.Vision for a High-Income FutureIn recent years, Malaysia has set its sights on becoming a high-income, developed nation while ensuring sustainable shared prosperity. The government’s National Investment Aspirations (NIA), adopted in 2021, has been instrumental in reshaping the country’s investment landscape. The NIA prioritises foreign direct investment (FDI) that enhances local research and development (R&D), generates high-income jobs, and integrates Malaysia into global supply chains. This framework has laid the foundation for the New Industrial Master Plan, which aims to further boost Malaysia’s economic complexity and innovation.World-Class InfrastructureMalaysia’s infrastructure is another critical asset. The country boasts one of the most developed infrastructures in Asia, with a telecommunications network second only to Singapore’s in Southeast Asia, supporting millions of fixed-broadband, fixed-line, and cellular subscribers. Its strategic location on the Strait of Malacca, one of the world’s most important shipping lanes, enhances its commercial significance. Malaysia’s highly developed maritime shipping sector has earned it a top global ranking for shipping trade route connectivity.Resilience Amid Global ChallengesThe Malaysian economy has demonstrated remarkable resilience in the face of external challenges. In the fourth quarter of 2024, despite increasing global headwinds, Malaysia’s economy grew by 5.0 percent, driven by strong investment activities, rising exports, and sustained domestic spending. The central bank’s decision to maintain the policy rate at 3 percent reflects confidence in the country’s economic prospects, with inflation expected to remain manageable. Notably, the Malaysian ringgit appreciated by 2.7 percent in 2024, making it one of the few Asian currencies to strengthen during the year.A Forward-Looking EconomyLooking ahead, Malaysia’s growth is expected to be fuelled by robust investment expansion, resilient household spending, and a recovery in exports. The government’s Twelfth Malaysia Plan, which focuses on accelerating economic growth through selective investments and infrastructure development, is set to play a pivotal role in achieving these goals. Government-linked investment vehicles continue to invest in key sectors, further bolstering the economy.Stability and InclusivityMalaysia’s ability to manage inter-ethnic tensions pragmatically has also contributed to its economic stability. Despite occasional challenges, the country has maintained growth momentum, a testament to its inclusive development policies. The government’s focus on sustainable shared prosperity ensures that economic benefits are distributed equitably, fostering social cohesion and long-term stability.ConclusionIn conclusion, Malaysia’s strategic location, advanced infrastructure, diversified economy, and forward-thinking government policies have positioned it as a linchpin in Asia’s economic future. As the country continues to navigate global uncertainties while pursuing its vision of becoming a high-income nation, Malaysia is well on its way to becoming Asia’s most strategic economy.